The economic history of Turkmenistan

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• The history in general of Turkmenistan

An alternative approach to saving Turkmenistan's biodiversity

By Galina Kamakhina, Catena Ecological Club, 6 September 1997. Proposes a technological change (soy beans), rather than a change in social relations, as a solution for environmental destruction resulting from commercialization of agricultural production.

Turkmenistan Energy Reserve Controversy

By Michael Sullivan, Ashkhabad, and Bob Edwards, Washington DC, NPR, 8 September 1998. Turmenistan sits on enormous gas and oil reserves, and US capitalists don't want to see the benefit accrue to Turkmenistan and Iran.