History of the civil war in southern Sudan

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The history of slavery in the Sudan

Sudan steps up popular defence force training: By Mohamed Ali Saeed, Agence France Presse, 3 February 1995. Mass mobiliation to create a Popular Defense Force (PDF) to use against the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) in the South. Issue of Eritrean relations.
Major SPLA Offensive in Southern Sudan: From Sudan News & Views, issue 25, March 1997.
The weapon of relief aid: Sudan News, June 1997. Khartoum blocks relief flights for the South. Khartoum claims the flights violated their mandate, but it seems there was discontent from hungry northern soldiers over food being sent to only the southern army.
Chronology: Sudan Monthly Report, 15 July 1998. A detailed chronology running from 16 June to 15 July 1998.
Millions dead in Sudan civil war: BBC News Online, Friday 11 December 1998. Report of the United Sattes Committee for Refugees. The U.S. NGOs blame the North for the misery in the South and claims that the government’s aim is simply genocide.
Slave ‘redemption’ won’t save Sudan (excerpts): By Eric Reeves, The Christian Science Monitor, 26 May 1999. The issue of slavery and slave redemption has of late blocked or view of the war. Left out are the ugly realities of redemption. But the misery, including slavery, are merely effects of the underlying war.
Sudan’s decades of war: BBC News Online, Monday 17 January 2000. The Muslim Arab northerners form the support base for the succession of unstable military governments since independence from the UK in 1956. The first civil war after independence ended with a peace agreement in 1972, and some moves were made towards federalism, but the introduction of the Sharia in 1983 reversed the trend. Ahmad al-Bashir’s settlement broke down in 1994. The 1998 referendum plan. The boundary issue, factionalism and food supplies.
Sudan’s Protracted War: By Judith Achieng’, IPS, 25 August 2000. Imposition of the Sharia in 1983 intensified the long standing war. A characterization of the war's brutality from a view sympathetic to the South.
Talisman: Blood and Oil in Sudan: By Gwynne Middleton, the Africa Fund, July 2002. Racial and ethnic tensions exacerbated by the British colonial power dynamics in Sudan led to a civil war that broke out in 1955, the year before the African country gained independence. The current escalation is due, for the most part, to the Canadian oil company, Talisman Energy, Inc., whose financial stake in an oil project in southern Sudan not only fuels the war but also the abominable human rights abuses visited upon civilians.